Afghanistan’s humanitarian aid system faces collapse as over 5 million people have returned since late 2023, primarily expelled from Pakistan and Iran, the United Nations warns. This influx, equaling 12% of the population, has strained resources amid a worsening hunger crisis, economic downturn, and aid cuts.
Scale of Returns
Since Pakistan’s October 2023 crackdown on undocumented migrants, about 5.4 million Afghans have repatriated, with 2.9 million last year and 150,000 in early 2026. Iran launched similar expulsions around the same time, forcing many—including those born and raised in Pakistan—back across borders. Daily arrivals continue to overwhelm relief efforts, described as a “massive demographic shock.”
Humanitarian Impact
Returnees receive basic aid like food, cash, SIM cards, and transport from Afghan authorities, but nine in ten families in high-return areas resort to skipping meals, debt, or selling assets. Compounded by drought, earthquakes, and Taliban governance issues, the crisis has pushed the country “to the brink.” The UNHCR seeks $216 million for 2026 but has secured only 8% of funds.
Broader Challenges
Taliban leaders have condemned the deportations, while the UN urges sustainable solutions over mass returns. Without urgent international support, Afghanistan risks further instability and famine.
